6. Conclusions and outlook

Growing environmental pressures such as the massive pollution of air and water resources or the gradual depletion of various fossil energy sources have led to the concept of sustainable development and associated strategies such as on-site recycling of water and solvents, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier (the need for H ₂ production and the use of fuel cells as electrical generators) or the capture and storage of CO ₂ .

Thanks to their specific intrinsic properties (refractoriness for use at high temperatures, chemical resistance for applications in corrosive media or organic solvents, high mechanical strength) and all the developments made to date in terms of controlling their microstructure (grain size, porosity) and their production (complex-shaped ceramic objects,...