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3. Technological control of anaerobiosis: different processes
3.1 History of reactor development
Unlike sludge treatment, where anaerobic treatment has been used for a long time, anaerobic treatment of water containing a much lower concentration of organic matter and, above all, with less complex substrates, has been marked by a number of failures.
In France, for example, a first reactor was built for the paper industry between 1965 and 1970, but never really got off the ground. The nature of the water to be treated (cold production of straw pulp) was particularly unsuitable for a first attempt, as the main compounds were very difficult to hydrolyze (woody compounds).
It wasn't until 1976 that a second plant was built, this time by a British manufacturer. This large unit, designed to treat more...
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Technological control of anaerobiosis: different processes
Reactor design – Reactor hydraulics and aerodynamics
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Bibliography
Websites
General information site on methanization and biogas (page consulted August 6, 2008) http://www.lebiogaz.info
Regulatory, technological and economic information on biogas and its valorization (page consulted August 6, 2008) http://www.biogaz.atee.fr
Events
Pollutec, the international trade show for environmental equipment, technologies and services, is held every two years in Lyon (even-numbered years). http://www.pollutec.com
Standards and norms
French standards
- Electrical equipment for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 10: Hazardous location classification - NF EN 60079-10 - 08-03
- Explosive atmospheres prevention and protection – Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology - PR NF EN 1127-1 - 06-09
- Water quality – Determination of 33 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy - NF EN ISO 11885 - 1998
Dutch...
Regulations
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Classification of Atex zones
European Directive 1999/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 1999, on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres (OJEC, January 28, 2000). This directive was transposed into French law by a decree published in the JORF (n° 303 of December...
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Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors
Rather than providing a non-exhaustive list of suppliers, which is bound to change rapidly from time to time, we prefer to provide a more universal decision-making aid (see additional technical data section).
Organizations – Federations – Associations
Association Technique Énergie Environnement ATEE...
Statistical and economic data
Given the difficulty of keeping up-to-date information on anaerobic references, you will find below economic data dating from 2002. Only industrial plants larger than 2 to 3 tons COD/day could be identified through published manufacturer data, or by taking into account plants known but not precisely referenced by the manufacturer, or in databases specific to each industry. However, these data show that the...
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