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Michel ROYER: Chemical engineer
INTRODUCTION
The HAZOP method is a formalized, systemic and semi-empirical tool that has been used and developed over the last forty years to analyze the potential risks associated with the operation of an industrial facility.
Invented in 1965 in Great Britain by ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries), it was conceived as a technique and aimed particularly at the detailed engineering phase of new chemical or petrochemical installations. It was a departure from the practices of construction codes and schematic safety reviews employed by engineering companies at the time, all of which were based on the analysis of past events. Its originality lay in its a priori approach to the hazards and malfunctions of a plant, through the systematic study of deviations in the parameters governing the process under analysis.
This technique was developed outside the confines of ICI, within the chemical and petrochemical industry, after the catastrophic explosion in 1974 of a 40-ton cloud of cyclohexane at Flixborough in Great Britain, which killed 28 people and injured 89 others. From a simple technique, the HAZOP method has become a practice for the identification of hazards and operability problems, adopted by many "at-risk" industries, in particular the oil industry, characterized by hazards similar to those of the chemical or petrochemical industry, but also in industries where the hazards are of a different nature, such as those encountered in the nuclear, food and transport sectors.
The HAZOP method is divided into three parts:
this first article
[SE 4 030] the third,
[SE 4 032]
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HAZOP: a risk analysis method
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Bibliography
The method was first published in 1974 by LAWLEY*, then successively described in three application guides, the first in 1976 by KNOWLTON* and SHIPLEY of ICI, the second in 1977 by the Chemical Industries Association (CIA)* and the third in 1981, again by KNOWLTON*, but on behalf of Chemetics International Ltd. These guides were followed twenty years later, in 2001, by the international standard IEC 61882 entitled: "Hazard...
Standards and norms
- Étude de danger et d'exploitabilité (études HAZOP) Guide d'application - CEI 61882 – Norme Internationale - 2001
- Safety aspects – Guidelines for inclusion in standards - ISO/CEI 51 - 1999
- Risk management – Vocabulary Guidelines for use in standards - Guide ISO/CEI 73 - 2001
- Sécurité fonctionnelle des systèmes électriques, électroniques programmables relatifs à la sécurité - CEI 61508 - 1re 1998...
Regulations
SEVESO II Directive: 96/82/EC on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances.
Arrêté du 29 septembre 2005 relatif à l'évaluation et à la prise en compte de la probabilité d'occurrence, de la cinétique, de l'intensité des effets et de la gravité des conséquences des accidents potentiels dans les études de dangers des installations classées soumises à autorisation.
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RELIASS (Reliability Safety Software ). Cams Hall-Cams Hill, FAREHAM, PO 16, 8AB Hampshire – UK http//www.reliability-safety-software.com/ Email : [email protected]
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PDF-X Change Viewer Version 2.0 Tracker Software Products 2008. http://www.docu-track.com/
Software tools
CISIA June 2000 The Bayesian (version for Windows Vista, [Software] CISIA 1, avenue Herbillon, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France.
Websites
AMIRE Gilles Un Nouveau Guide Internet http://www.imaginet.fr/ime/toc.htm (page consulted June 23, 1999).
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Show: Batimat Reed Expositions International construction show, held every two years in Paris (odd-numbered years) http://www.batimat.com.
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Cerium electrolytic oxidation process and electrolysis unit for its implementation CA2582058.
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