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4. Pressurization
4.1 Description of the phenomenon
An atmospheric reservoir with a fixed roof containing a flammable liquid can, when caught in an enveloping slick fire, be the site of liquid evaporation, followed by a relatively slow build-up of gas pressure, which can lead to reservoir rupture. This is known as pressurization.
This pressurization is slower than in the case of a tank explosion. The rupture is then accompanied by instantaneous partial vaporization of the stored liquid and ignition, generating a large-scale fireball. This is the phenomenon that occurred in the Édouard-Herriot port accident (1987).
It applies to atmospheric tanks with fixed roofs (with or without internal shielding). Pressurization...
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Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Systèmes de protection par évent contre les explosions de gaz. - NF EN 14994 - Avril 2007
- Spécification pour la conception et la fabrication de réservoirs en acier, soudés, aériens, à fond plat, cylindriques, verticaux, construits sur site destinés au stockage des liquides à la température ambiante ou supérieure. - NF EN 14015 - Juin 2005
- Standard on explosion protection by deflagration venting. - NFPA 68...
Regulations
Arrêté ministériel du 29 septembre 2005 relatif à l'évaluation et à la prise en compte de la probabilité d'occurrence, de la cinétique, de l'intensité des effets et de la gravité des conséquences des accidents potentiels dans les études de dangers des installations classées soumise à autorisation. JO n° 234 du 7 octobre 2005, NOR : DEVP0540371A.
Circular of May 10, 2010 summarizing the methodological...
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