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5. Boil-over
5.1 Description of the phenomenon
A classic boil-over is a sudden foaming phenomenon involving atmospheric tanks and resulting from the transformation of liquid water, contained in a burning tank, into steam (bottom water, free water, emulsion). This phenomenon is responsible for violent splashing of fuel, boiling of the tank contents, spreading of the flames and formation of a fireball.
Boil-over can only be caused by a tank fire. For crude oils, which are mainly found in refineries, we generally have floating-roof tanks, with a fairly high risk of a tank fire in the event of a leaking or cast roof. Fixed-roof tanks, usually used to store heavy fuels, have a conical roof. To initiate a tank fire, the roof must first...
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Boil-over
Thin-film boil-over
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Systèmes de protection par évent contre les explosions de gaz. - NF EN 14994 - Avril 2007
- Spécification pour la conception et la fabrication de réservoirs en acier, soudés, aériens, à fond plat, cylindriques, verticaux, construits sur site destinés au stockage des liquides à la température ambiante ou supérieure. - NF EN 14015 - Juin 2005
- Standard on explosion protection by deflagration venting. - NFPA 68...
Regulations
Arrêté ministériel du 29 septembre 2005 relatif à l'évaluation et à la prise en compte de la probabilité d'occurrence, de la cinétique, de l'intensité des effets et de la gravité des conséquences des accidents potentiels dans les études de dangers des installations classées soumise à autorisation. JO n° 234 du 7 octobre 2005, NOR : DEVP0540371A.
Circular of May 10, 2010 summarizing the methodological...
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