1. Economic costs of climate change

1.1 Global impacts of climate change

At COP 21, the international community set itself the target of limiting global warming to +2°C compared with the industrial era; otherwise, we'll be looking at +4 to +5°C by the year 2100, with irreversible damage.

"The warming of the climate system is unequivocal and, since the 1950s, many of the changes observed are unprecedented in decades, if not millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, snow and ice cover has decreased, sea levels have risen and greenhouse gas concentrations have increased" .

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