3. The Payne effect
3.1 Experimental event
This effect is classically observed on variations in the complex shear modulus, real part G′ and imaginary part G′′, as a function of strain at constant frequency and temperature.
For low strains (generally below 100%), the behavior of the elastomer matrix alone is linear with respect to the applied strain. The addition of fillers leads to the appearance of non-linear behavior in the same range of deformations, as shown in figures 4 ,...
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The Payne effect
Bibliography
Suppliers
For silicas
SOLVAY (Belgium)
EVONIK (Germany)
HUBER (USA).
For carbon blacks
CABOT (USA)
ORION (Germany)
BIRLA (India).
Standards and norms
- Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products. - ASTM D 1765-96 -
- Rubber compounding ingredients – Carbon black – Determination of carbon black-bonded rubber. - NF T45-114 -
- Ingrédients de mélange du caoutchouc. Noir de carbone. Détermination de la surface spécifique par méthodes par adsorption d'azote. Modes opératoires à un pont de mesure. - ISO 4652 :2012 -
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations – Laboratories (non-exhaustive list)
Syndicat national des caoutchoucs et des polymères SNCP
Elastopôle, the rubber competitiveness cluster
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