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4. Mechanical processes
4.1 Mechanical grinding
Mechanical recycling by grinding has been studied for thermoset composites reinforced with glass or carbon fibers. However, the most extensive and in-depth research has been carried out in the case of glass fibers. Carbon fibers, a reinforcement with very high mechanical performance but very high cost, are preferentially used as continuous fibers in composite applications. The fact that they are ground means that they lose much of their appeal, at least in terms of mechanical reinforcement capacity, while their appeal in terms of electrical conductivity or anti-static properties remains.
The technique used usually involves an initial reduction in the size of the composite waste. This phase uses a summary shredding process involving a...
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Mechanical processes
Chemical processes (solvolysis, glycolysis, acidolysis, etc.)
Bibliography
Websites
Waste management, Elsevier http://www.elsevier.com
Waste management & research, Sage http://www.sagepub.com
Journal of material cycles and waste management, Springer http://www.springer.com
...Standards and norms
- Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics – Determination of dimensions and appearance ratio of ground objects - ISO/DIS 30012 -
Regulations
Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste, Official Journal L 182 of 16/07/1999 p. 0001 – 0019
Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste, Official Journal L 332, 28/12/2000 p. 0091 – 0111
Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000...
Directory
MCR (Plastic Omnium Group) Composites grinding
ERCOM Composite Recycling GmbH / ERCOM Fibertec GmbH Composite shredding Launched 1991. Closed in 2004
SCORI (TERIS subsidiary) 54, rue Pierre Curie Co-combustion in cement works
Economic data
Composite materials are traditionally much less recycled (5%) than their competitors (65-70% for steel and 30-35% for aluminum in North America, for example). Recycling has developed strongly in Japan (5 to 10 years ahead of Europe), and is now becoming a regulatory obligation in Europe, where it mainly concerns automotive and electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) waste. The corresponding value chain is illustrated at...
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