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3. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and blow-molding applications
PET was synthesized in 1941 by British Petroleum. The first industrial production and commercial applications saw the light of day in the 1950s. The FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) approved it in 1976 for beverage packaging.
The first bi-oriented blow-molding machines for PET appeared in the late 1970s. The 1980s saw the start of PET's commercial expansion into beverage packaging, first for carbonated beverages, then for mineral water. The 1990s saw the development of new applications (fruit juices, hot-fill, flat bottles, beer, etc.).
Maximum blow-moulding machine output has risen from 3,600 bottles per hour in 1980 to over 70,000 today.
3.1 PET manufacturing
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PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and blow-molding applications
Industrial realization of bi-orientation
Bibliography
Software tools
Virtual Prototyping (online software for simulating preform heating and blow molding)
Plastic Technologies, Inc (PTI) http://www.plastictechnologies.com/services/td/virtual_prototyping/
Websites
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection-soufflage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate
INRS: toxicological data sheet no. 120 (acetaldehyde) http://www.inrs.fr
...Events
Salon de l'Emballage every two years at Villepinte http://www.emballageweb.com/
Interpack" exhibition in Düsseldorf every three years http://www.interpack.com
Standards and norms
- Determination of polymer viscosity in dilute solution using capillary viscometers – General principles - ISO 1628-1 - 2009
- Determination of polymer viscosity in dilute solution using capillary viscometers – Homopolymers and copolymers of thermoplastic polyesters (TP) - ISO 1628-5 - 1998
- Détermination de l'indice de fluidité à chaud des thermoplastiques, en masse (MFR) et en volume (MVR) Équivalences ASTM :...
Regulations
Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament: safety of machinery http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:157:0024:0086:FR:PDF
European Commission Regulation n° 10/2011 of January 14, 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into...
Patents
EP1265736 Process for compression moulding semi-crystalline polymers
WO2008/090437 Preform for obtaining containers
US6063325 Method for preventing uncontrolled polymer flow in preform neck finish during packing and cooling stage
EP2159031 Mould and method for manufacturing double-layered preforms by overmoulding, and double-layer preform
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
PET suppliers
Eastman http://www.eastman.com/Brands/Eastman_PET/Pages/Overview.aspx
Equipolymers (Dow) http://www.equipolymers.com/
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