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4. Industrial realization of bi-orientation
Machines and industrial processes for biaxial hollow-body forming can be broadly classified into two processes:
the "hot" cycle, a "one-step" process. A single machine produces the bottles from the polymer granules;
the "cold" 2-step cycle. A first machine produces a semi-finished product, the preform, which is cooled and stored. A second machine heats and blows the preform into a bottle.
4.1 Common operating conditions
Molecular orientation results from stretching (in the case of monofilaments) or bi-stretching (in the case of hollow bodies or bi-stretched films) under well-defined conditions:
The most appropriate deformation...
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Industrial realization of bi-orientation
Bibliography
Software tools
Virtual Prototyping (online software for simulating preform heating and blow molding)
Plastic Technologies, Inc (PTI) http://www.plastictechnologies.com/services/td/virtual_prototyping/
Websites
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection-soufflage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate
INRS: toxicological data sheet no. 120 (acetaldehyde) http://www.inrs.fr
...Events
Salon de l'Emballage every two years at Villepinte http://www.emballageweb.com/
Interpack" exhibition in Düsseldorf every three years http://www.interpack.com
Standards and norms
- Determination of polymer viscosity in dilute solution using capillary viscometers – General principles - ISO 1628-1 - 2009
- Determination of polymer viscosity in dilute solution using capillary viscometers – Homopolymers and copolymers of thermoplastic polyesters (TP) - ISO 1628-5 - 1998
- Détermination de l'indice de fluidité à chaud des thermoplastiques, en masse (MFR) et en volume (MVR) Équivalences ASTM :...
Regulations
Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament: safety of machinery http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:157:0024:0086:FR:PDF
European Commission Regulation n° 10/2011 of January 14, 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into...
Patents
EP1265736 Process for compression moulding semi-crystalline polymers
WO2008/090437 Preform for obtaining containers
US6063325 Method for preventing uncontrolled polymer flow in preform neck finish during packing and cooling stage
EP2159031 Mould and method for manufacturing double-layered preforms by overmoulding, and double-layer preform
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
PET suppliers
Eastman http://www.eastman.com/Brands/Eastman_PET/Pages/Overview.aspx
Equipolymers (Dow) http://www.equipolymers.com/
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference