2. Bi-orientation phenomenon
Molecular orientation is linked to an ordered rearrangement of macromolecular chains, usually achieved by stretching the polymer at an appropriate temperature. As a result of this macromolecular rearrangement, certain mechanical properties of the transformed object (tensile strength, Young's modulus, impact resistance, etc.) are improved in the direction of stretching. In particular, creep and stress crack resistance are significantly improved. This macromolecular rearrangement reduces gas permeability, hence the use of this process to manufacture bottles for carbonated beverages.
During the manufacture of hollow bodies by extrusion blow molding with two-drawing or injection blow molding with two-drawing, the preforms, which are significantly smaller than the final object, are stretched axially and radially, resulting in a two-dimensional orientation of the molecular...
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Bi-orientation phenomenon
Bibliography
Software tools
Virtual Prototyping (online software for simulating preform heating and blow molding)
Plastic Technologies, Inc (PTI) http://www.plastictechnologies.com/services/td/virtual_prototyping/
Websites
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection-soufflage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate
INRS: toxicological data sheet no. 120 (acetaldehyde) http://www.inrs.fr
...Events
Salon de l'Emballage every two years at Villepinte http://www.emballageweb.com/
Interpack" exhibition in Düsseldorf every three years http://www.interpack.com
Standards and norms
- Determination of polymer viscosity in dilute solution using capillary viscometers – General principles - ISO 1628-1 - 2009
- Determination of polymer viscosity in dilute solution using capillary viscometers – Homopolymers and copolymers of thermoplastic polyesters (TP) - ISO 1628-5 - 1998
- Détermination de l'indice de fluidité à chaud des thermoplastiques, en masse (MFR) et en volume (MVR) Équivalences ASTM :...
Regulations
Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament: safety of machinery http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:157:0024:0086:FR:PDF
European Commission Regulation n° 10/2011 of January 14, 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into...
Patents
EP1265736 Process for compression moulding semi-crystalline polymers
WO2008/090437 Preform for obtaining containers
US6063325 Method for preventing uncontrolled polymer flow in preform neck finish during packing and cooling stage
EP2159031 Mould and method for manufacturing double-layered preforms by overmoulding, and double-layer preform
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
PET suppliers
Eastman http://www.eastman.com/Brands/Eastman_PET/Pages/Overview.aspx
Equipolymers (Dow) http://www.equipolymers.com/
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