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1. Industrial revolutions from industry 1.0 to industry 5.0
1.1 First industrial revolution (industry 1.0)
The first industrial revolution, known as Industry 1.0, began at the end of the 18th century, with the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1784 . It spanned the period from 1750 to 1880. This coal-powered technology transformed manufacturing industries, notably textiles and metallurgy, by introducing machinismo. Coal also revolutionized transport, powering locomotives and ships. However, this revolution led to significant air pollution from coal fumes.
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Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Smart Manufacturing Standards Map (SM2) Part 1: Framework. - ISO/IEC TR 63306-1 - 2020
- Smart Manufacturing Standards Map (SM2) Part 2: Catalogue. - ISO/IEC TR 63306-2 - 2021
- Series of Standards on cybersecurity - ISA/IEC 62443 - 2024
- Machine condition monitoring and diagnostics – Vocabulary - ISO 13372 - 2012
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