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3. Processing and properties of agro-resourced materials for packaging
3.1 Forming processes
It is important that agro-sourced materials, including biocomposites, can be processed using conventional plastics processes (extrusion, injection, thermoforming, calendering) if they are to be used on an industrial scale.
In certain cases and depending on the application, the solvent route (casting) may be used.
The main limitation of some bioplastics is their thermal sensitivity, due to a melting temperature close to the degradation temperature, which can lead to polymer degradation during the processing. This is the case with bacterial polyesters (e.g. PHBV), whose two main thermal degradation reactions are well described in the literature: a random cleavage of polymer chains by cis-elimination, leading to a...
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Processing and properties of agro-resourced materials for packaging
Environmental issues
Bibliography
Websites
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ADEME – French Environment and Energy Management Agency
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EcoBioCap (FP7 2011-2015) Ecoefficient Biodegradable Composite Advanced Packaging (16 partners)
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European...
Standards and norms
- Biobased products – Overview of methods for determining biobased content - FD CEN/TR 16721 - Novembre 2014
- Plastics – Specifications for plastics suitable for home composting - NF T51-800 - Novembre 2015
- Biodegradable materials for agriculture and horticulture – Mulching products – Requirements and test methods - NF U52-001 - Février 2005
- Sludge characterization – Nitrogen determination XXX - NF...
Regulations
Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
EU regulation no. 10/2011, published on January 15, 2011, concerns plastics intended for contact with food. Repealed Directive 2002/72/EC, as well as Directives 80/766/EEC and 81/432/EEC.
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