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5. Pyrometallurgical treatment
Pyrometallurgy, i.e. high-temperature metallurgical treatment to reduce metals, was the first process used to recycle batteries, and in 2020 will still be the most widely deployed in Europe, pending the deployment of hydrometallurgical methods.
For many recyclers, the recycling of lithium batteries was an extension of the recycling of other batteries such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydrides, and was mainly carried out on batteries from portable electronic devices (batteries and accumulators). Lithium batteries have historically attracted a great deal of interest from recyclers due to the presence of an electrode very rich in cobalt (worth around five to ten times more than nickel, depending on the price).
5.1 Process description
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Pyrometallurgical treatment
Dismantling, physical or mechanical separation
Bibliography
Regulations
Decree no. 2015-849 of July 10, 2015 on the marketing of batteries and accumulators and the collection and treatment of their waste.
Décret n° 2009-1139 du 22 septembre 2009 transposant la directive européenne 2006/66/CE relative aux piles et accumulateurs ainsi que aux déchets de piles et d'accumulateurs.
The decree is codified in articles R. 543-124 to R. 543-134 of the French...
Patents
Method for preparing nickel and cobalt doped lithium manganate by using waste and old lithium ionic cell as raw material CN200810198972.
A Method of Recycling Valuable Metal from Waste and Old Lithium ion Battery. CN108987841A, 2018.
Method for recycling nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary anode material WO2014/154152A1.
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