5. Metal recovery from effluents

The non-renewable nature of the resource and the ever-increasing use of metals in manufacturing industries such as mechanical, electrical and electronic engineering are naturally leading to the development of metal recovery and recycling as part of a circular economy. It is interesting to compare two preferred sources: geological mines and urban mines ^® (city mines) (see table 16 ) .

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Metal recovery from effluents

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Emerging trends and processes

Bibliography

(1) - MARTELL (A.E.), HANCOCK (R.D.) - Metal complexes in aqueous solutions. - J.P. Fackler, Eds, Plenum, New York (1996).
(2) - SMITH (R.M.), MARTELL (A.E.) - Critical stability constants. - Plenum Press, New York (1976)....

Standardization

Numerous international and French standards exist for specific assay methods by metallic element or analytical technique. They are constantly evolving, thanks to the development of recent techniques (mercury determination by atomic fluorescence spectrometry in 2002, application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 2005) and the improvement of older ones (trace element determination by graphite furnace...

Standards and norms

Standards

AFNOR standards

Dosage de huit éléments métalliques (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Pb) par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique dans la flamme - FD T90-112 - 1998
Water quality – Chromium determination – Atomic absorption spectrometry - NF EN 1233 - 1996
Water quality – Mercury determination – Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with and without...