2. Health and environmental impacts

2.1 Effects on human health

Health effects are discussed in relation to the main toxicological data for the 17 metal elements most commonly found in water . See table 4 . Further information on health impacts can be obtained by consulting the toxicological and environmental data sheets for chemical substances published by the French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS)

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Health and environmental impacts

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page Nature, properties, sources

Metrology – Analysis

Bibliography

(1) - MARTELL (A.E.), HANCOCK (R.D.) - Metal complexes in aqueous solutions. - J.P. Fackler, Eds, Plenum, New York (1996).
(2) - SMITH (R.M.), MARTELL (A.E.) - Critical stability constants. - Plenum Press, New York (1976)....

Standardization

Numerous international and French standards exist for specific assay methods by metallic element or analytical technique. They are constantly evolving, thanks to the development of recent techniques (mercury determination by atomic fluorescence spectrometry in 2002, application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 2005) and the improvement of older ones (trace element determination by graphite furnace...

Standards and norms

Standards

AFNOR standards

Dosage de huit éléments métalliques (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Pb) par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique dans la flamme - FD T90-112 - 1998
Water quality – Chromium determination – Atomic absorption spectrometry - NF EN 1233 - 1996
Water quality – Mercury determination – Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with and without...