Overview
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ABSTRACT
This article provides an overview of the various technical devices for treating drinking water, used in addition to the drinking water distribution infrastructures or in their absence. They are used to alleviate certain annoying aspects of the distributed water (taste, hardness) or to purify water in the absence of available drinking water.
This article presents the devices adapted to three types of treatment (disinfection, decantation and filtration). It also discusses techniques used for water distributed by modern drinking water networks (softeners, purifiers, or osmosis).
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Jean-Marc BERLAND: Doctorate in Environmental Sciences and Techniques from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (France) - Project Manager at the International Office for Water (OiEau) - This article is the updated version of article C3841 entitled "Techniques et gestion de l'assainissement non collectif -Traitement des eaux domestiques – Dispositifs et bonnes pratiques" written by Jean-Marc BERLAND in 2012.
INTRODUCTION
This article begins by presenting the main devices for three types of water treatment. They can be used in emergency situations when the water supply is no longer drinkable, or when the network is no longer functioning. These are :
Disinfection, to ensure that the water is free of pathogens using chemicals, heat or even sunlight;
decantation – allowing suspended solids to settle to the bottom of the container;
filtration – physically eliminates impurities by filtering water through materials such as ceramic or sand.
We then turn to the techniques used for water distributed by modern drinking water networks, which can present shortcomings without posing a high health risk. These include :
softeners ;
purifiers ;
osmosis units.
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KEYWORDS
Drinking water | Water treatment | filtration | disinfection | osmosis | decantation | water distribution
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Water technologies
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Domestic water treatment
Techniques for drinking water shortages or emergencies
Bibliography
- (1) - OMS - Traitement de l'eau de boisson au point d'utilisation dans les situations d'urgence, fiches techniques eau, hygiène, et assainissement en situation d'urgence - ( https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/05_traitement_eau_boisson_urgence.pdf...
Websites
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UAE – Union des entreprises d'affinage de l'eau.
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Softening hard water
Regulations
WHO guidelines for drinking water quality, updated in 2006
WHO – April 24, 2017 : Guidelines for drinking water quality: Fourth edition incorporating the first additive (download: https://www.who.int/fr/publications-detail/9789241549950 )
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