2. Presentation of the theoretical and practical framework

2.1 IUCN definition

SfN are defined by IUCN as "actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems to directly address societal challenges in an effective and adaptive manner, while ensuring human well-being and producing biodiversity benefits" (WCC-2016-Res-069-EN, 2016) . In February 2022, the resumed fifth session of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-5.2) in Nairobi led to the adoption of a multilateral definition of SfNs, recognizing their important role in the global response to climate change and its social, economic and environmental impacts.