4. Biological quality of vineyard soils

Wine-growing soils are generally poorer and less fertile than other soils. . In the oldest wine-growing regions (France, Italy, Spain), vines were historically planted on certain soils because they were less suitable for other crops, particularly cereals. For this reason, it seemed necessary to begin by assessing the biological quality of the soil, by comparing wine-growing use with other agricultural or natural uses (forests, meadows). Secondly, the spatio-temporal variability of the biological quality of wine-growing soils...