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3. Stabilization with hydraulic binders
3.1 Hydraulically reacting binders: principles of solidification
Alone or mixed with lime or other additives, cements and other pozzolanic reagents are widely used for the solidification-stabilization of solid waste and sludge. In common parlance, the term cement refers to finely ground mineral materials that "set" in the presence of water to form a porous solid after hardening: this is called hydraulic setting and is due to the hydration reactions of cement compounds. Materials obtained in this way retain their strength, even under water. As far back as antiquity, the Romans used mixtures of lime and natural pozzolans (volcanic ashes) or artificial pozzolans (fired and crushed clay bricks) to obtain a cement with which they built great structures of remarkable durability!...
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Stabilization with hydraulic binders
Vitrification
Bibliography
Events
Congress
WASCON (Waste materials in construction). These conferences are held every three years and provide an update on stabilization techniques, with particular emphasis on the possibilities for recycling the resulting materials. Proceedings are published by Elsevier (Pergamon).
Two conferences have been held in France on stabilization-solidification processes, in Nancy in 1995 and Lyon in 1999....
Standards and norms
French Standards Association (AFNOR)
- Waste – Guidance for the selection of a waste leaching test. - XP X 30-417 - Mai 2002
- Waste – Determination of massive solid character. - XP X 31-212 - Juillet 1995
- Waste – Leaching test on a solid waste initially massive or generated...
Regulations
Below is a reminder of the main legislation on waste disposal cited in this article.
European Union
Directive no. 2008/98/EC of November 19, 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives.
Directive no. 1999/31/EC of April 26, 1999 on the landfill of waste.
Directive no. 1999/45/EC of May 31, 1999 concerning the approximation...
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