Overview
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ABSTRACT
This article gives an overview of the principles for implementing hydrothermal oxidation technology, and the designs developed to make use of the remarkable properties of supercritical water in the mineralization of organic waste, and to manage difficulties induced by the operation of these processes under pressure and temperature conditions. It summarizes some basic notions on the reaction of combustion in supercritical water, and the behavior of salt loads. It promotes the contribution of computational fluid dynamics to the study and industrial scale-up of these processes, where the strong coupling between chemistry and thermohydraulics is an area of development.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Hubert-Alexandre TURC: Engineer - French Atomic Energy Commission, DES/ISEC/DPME/SEIP - Marcoule Center, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Antoine LEYBROS: Engineer - French Atomic Energy Commission, DES/ISEC/DMRC/STDC/LPSD - Marcoule Center, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
INTRODUCTION
With the increase in annual waste production and the scarcity of landfill options, the elimination and/or recycling of the materials making up this waste has become an imperative necessity for our industrial societies. The management of organic waste generally involves thermal treatment (e.g.
Since the first developments in 1980, a number of innovative processes for treating organic waste have emerged, including hydrothermal oxidation processes, which are extremely effective in terms of versatility, efficiency and compactness. These processes enable mineralization in supercritical water, which is particularly well-suited to the treatment of refractory substances, hazardous or toxic organic substances present in isolation, industrial effluents or urban wastewater.
The temperatures involved (below 600°C), and the environmentally-friendly gaseous and aqueous effluents generated, position supercritical water oxidation as a relevant competitor to conventional thermal processes (temperatures between 850 and 1,100°C). Implementing oxidation under supercritical water conditions, with their high temperatures and pressures, has necessitated the design of innovative reactors to control the reaction, as well as managing the corrosion of the mineral charge precipitation. Industrial developments in this process are presented.
At the end of the article, readers will find a glossary and a table of acronyms and notations.
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KEYWORDS
hydrothermal oxidation | supercritical water | organic effluent | computational fluid dynamics
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Hydrothermal oxidation of liquid organic waste
Bibliography
Websites
SCFI – AquaCritox ® – Smarter Environmental Technology : http://www.scfi.eu/
Superwater Solutions : http://www.superwatersolutions.com/
Patents
Modar Inc. – Processing Methods for the oxidation of organics in supercritical water – WO 81/03169
Modar Inc – Method for supercritical water oxidation – WO 92/21621
Modell – Supercritical water oxidation process and apparatus of organics with inorganics WO93/00304 – PCT/US92/05320
Modar Inc – Method and apparatus for solids separation in a wet oxidation...
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
Innovation Fluides Supercritiques – IFS – Bâtiment INEED, 1 rue Marc Seguin, 26300 Alixan France
http://www.portail-fluides-supercritiques.com/
International Society for Advancement of Supercritical Fluids – ISASF
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