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3. Yogurt and fermented milk production processes
3.1 General production diagram
Yogurt and fermented milk production processes are characterized by three successive phases, each consisting of several stages: milk preparation leading to the "mix" (milk that has undergone various stages of preparation with a view to fermentation into yogurt), fermentation (or maturation or incubation) leading to a white mass ("raw" yogurt before introduction of ingredients and implementation of subsequent processing stages) and post-fermentation treatments leading to the finished product. The production diagram differs according to the type of product produced (firm, stirred, drinkable or concentrated yoghurt), with variations depending on fat content and flavour. The general production diagram for plain fermented milks is shown in figure...
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Yogurt and fermented milk production processes
Production quality control
Bibliography
Bibliography
Standards
- Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria – Joint FAO/WHO expert consultation - FAO/WHO - 2001
- Codex Alimentarius: codex standards for fermented milks 243-2003. In FAO/WHO (ed.) Milk and milk products, 2nd ed., p. 6-16. Rome - FAO/WHO - 2011
- Codex Alimentarius : codex standards for food additives 192-1995. In FAO/WHO (ed.), révisé en 2018. 475 pages...
Regulations
Decree no. 88/1203 of December 30, 1988, on fermented milks and yogurt. Consolidated version as of October 30, 2019
Decree no. 2011-949 of August 10, 2011, amending the Consumer Code with regard to additives, enzymes and flavorings intended for human consumption.
European Directive 79/112/EEC of December 18, 1978 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating...
Patents
Corrieu G., Spinnler H.E., Jomier Y. and Picque D. (1988). Automated system to follow up and control the acidification activity of lactic acid bacteria. French patent 2 629 612
Websites
CNIEL (2018) http://www.filiere-laitiere.fr/fr/chiffres-cles/filiere-laitiere-francaise-en-chiffres
Statistical and economic data
In France, consumption of fermented milks is high (around 20 kg per capita per year), but has been declining since 2010 (– 1 à – 3 % par an). It represents just over 7% of total dairy product consumption.
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