Overview
FrançaisABSTRACT
Nanomaterials are sources of new industrial development but raise also some concerns about their potential toxicities in some applications like food. This article first reviews the current definitions of nanomaterials and gives examples about the large variety of forms, shapes and size they can adopt. Then it draws up a list of the food additives containing nano-objects, their current use in food products and finally explains the work ensured by food safety agencies at any level (national or european) to check their innocuity.
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Marie-Hélène ROPERS: Research Manager - BIA, INRAE, Nantes, France
INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnologies arouse both interest and rejection, depending on the angle from which they are approached. . For some, they represent an enormous breeding ground for applications, as the nanomaterials derived from them possess specific properties that are unprecedented compared to materials corresponding to microscopic scales. Added to the fact that nanomaterials come in a multitude of forms (nanoparticle, nanofilament, nanosheet...), this represents an infinite number of applications. Some of these are already found in many everyday objects, such as microelectronics to miniaturize electronic devices, in medicine to target specific areas of the body for diagnosis or therapy, in construction to obtain paints or varnishes with protective properties, or in cosmetics and clothing for textiles. For others, on the other hand, nanomaterials are invisible poisons to which we don't pay enough attention. To understand what a nanomaterial is, we'll go back over the current definitions and their fields of application. We'll also define terms such as nano-object and nanoparticle. One of the fields in which nanomaterials are present is food. Here, we'll look at the nanomaterials used to manufacture foodstuffs, their intended effects, the measures taken by food safety agencies to monitor their safety and protect the consumer, and the limitations of the data currently available.
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KEYWORDS
nanomaterial | food product | food additive
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Nanomaterials in food
Bibliography
Websites
Nanodefine project on the selection of suitable techniques and their conditions of use for identifying and determining the size of nano-objects
http://www.nanodefine.eu/index.php/nanodefine-publications
Avicenn information website
Standards and norms
- ISO Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Parts 1 and 2 December 2015. - ISO/TS 80004-1 - 2015
Regulations
Decree no. 2012-232 of February 17, 2012 on the annual declaration of substances in the nanoparticulate state taken in application of article L. 523-4 of the Environmental Code.
Regulation no. 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 2008 on food additives.
Recommendation n° 2011/696/EU of 18/10/11 on the definition of nanomaterials OJEU n° L...
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
Association for monitoring and civic information on nanoscience and nanotechnology issues Avicenn
NanoRESP Forum
Laboratories...
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