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2. Essential physicochemical factors involved
There are many parameters involved in penetrant testing: a well-known American designer and manufacturer believes that it is impossible to draw up an exhaustive list. Let's limit ourselves to the essential ones.
2.1 Penetrant
The penetrant must have two essential characteristics:
good wettability: the penetrant must spread over the entire surface to be inspected in the form of a thin, uniform and continuous film, whatever the metallic material (or not, sometimes), whatever the surface condition (machined, as-cast, as-forged, etc.);
good penetrating power, so that it can penetrate all open-to-surface surface discontinuities by capillary action. In other words, the penetrant must...
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Essential physicochemical factors involved
Operating techniques, sequences of operations
Bibliography
Events
COFREND Days (French Confederation for Non-Destructive Testing) take place every three years in a French city chosen by COFREND. Those celebrating COFREND's 50th anniversary took place from May 30 to 1 er June 2017 at the Palais des Congrès in Strasbourg. The COFREND 2020 Days were cancelled due to the health and economic context, which had a strong impact on event activities in France....
Websites
CHEMIN Pierre and DUBOSC Patrick – 190 articles on penetrant testing and magnetic particle inspection, in French and English (2020):
https://membres.isgroupe.com/actualite/web/ressuage-26122020
Penetrant Testing Blog:
Standards
- Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 1: List of general terms - EN 1330-1 - 2015
- Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods - EN 1330-2 - 1999
- Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Vocabulary - ISO 12706 - 2010
- Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing – Viewing conditions - ISO 3059 - 2013
- Non-destructive...
Directory
NDT Resource Center, Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. Penetrant testing
CHEMIN Pierre and DUBOSC Patrick – 190 articles on penetrant testing and magnetic particle inspection, in French and English (2020):
https://membres.isgroupe.com/actualite/web/ressuage-26122020
...Statistical and economic data
1. COFREND certification
Penetrant testing is the NDT method with the highest number of certified agents worldwide. The results for 2020 are as follows.
The statistics presented in this document are based on data extracted from GERICCO, the COFREND certification management tool. This tool is constantly updated by COFREND-approved examination centres as candidates...
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