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2. Measurement techniques
There are several techniques for measuring polarization by reflection, all of which use the following optical set-up: a source, a polarizer, an analyzer and a detector. These are the basic components, to which various elements such as modulators, compensators, etc. can be added.
2.1 Zeroing method
This method uses signal extinction to perform an angular measurement
The optical setup consists of a monochromatic source (laser or filtered lamp), a polarizer, a compensator (e.g. a quarter-wave plate), an analyzer and a photomultiplier (figure 2 ).
The polarization,...
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