1. General presentation
Trace elements are present in soils as a result of the weathering of the parent rocks that naturally contain them. Similarly, sediments contain varying concentrations of trace elements and nutrients. In addition, anthropogenic activities (e.g. industrial, agricultural, mining) contribute to the introduction of elements into soils through the spreading of waste (solids, sludge, manure, etc.), the application of fertilizers and phytosanitary products, atmospheric fallout and so on.
Depending on their natural and/or anthropogenic origin, trace elements are not found in the same form in soils and sediments, and their fate in the environment will therefore differ. It is thus generally accepted in the scientific community that the distribution, mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of chemical elements depend not only on their concentration in the environment, but also...
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General presentation
Determining the chemical forms of elements
Bibliography
References
Appendix 1 Sequential extraction procedure (BCR scheme) for metal fractionation in sediments and soils
1.Instruments and reagents
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Devices
The laboratory equipment used may be made of borosilicate glass, poly6Fethylene, polypropylene or PTFE, with the exception of the centri6Ffugation tube, which must be made of borosilicate glass or PTFE. Clean vials in contact with samples or...
Appendix 2 Single extraction procedures for metal fractionation in soils
Unique extraction procedures for soil analysis (see paragraph 4.3.3. ) based on EDTA 0.05 mol/L and acetic acid 0.43 mol/L are described below.
Extractions should be performed in borosilicate glass, polyethylene, polypropylene or PTFE bottles, using an inverting shaker. Laboratory equipment should be cleaned with 4 mol/L...
Appendix 3 SMT protocol for the fractionation of phosphorus forms in freshwater sediments
1.Reagents and equipment
The reagents used are HCl 1 mol/L, HCl 3.5 mol/L, NaOH 1 mol/L and NaCl 1 mol/L. The laboratory equipment used can be made of polyethylene or polypropylene, including centrifuge tubes. Stirrers can be magnetic stirrers, stirring tables or inverting stirrers.
All reagents must be at least...
Standardization
Association française de normalisation AFNOR
- Sécurité des jouets - Partie 3 : migration de certains éléments (Indice de classement : S51-214). - NF EN 71-3 - 03-95
- Qualité du sol - Extraction des éléments en traces solubles dans l'eau régale (Indice de classement : X31-415). - NF ISO 11466 - 06-95
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