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4. Integrated strategies and applications
For the purposes of bioindication and biomonitoring of chemical elements, it is necessary to have both a highly specific approach to each individual chemical species of an element and a comprehensive treatment of the general conditions of the system. The latter aspect is included in the biological system of elements (figure 7 ).
![Biological element system for terrestrial plants (glycophytes) (after [15])](/en/document/media/content/en/article/p4170/1/p4170i7)
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Integrated strategies and applications
Effects of atmospheric contamination on biomonitoring organisms
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