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1. Definitions
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1.1 Measurement result. Uncertainty
The purpose of measurement is to estimate the true value of a quantity A (e.g. the concentration of an element in a solution). The measurement is generally carried out on a quantity B of a different nature from A (light intensity, electrical signal, etc.) and produces a result y. Calibration makes it possible to estimate the relationship between the values of the two quantities and, therefore, to assign to A a value x deduced from the experimental result y.
These operations may be subject to errors due, for example, to imperfections in the equipment...
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference