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1. Context
1.1 A brief history of aerodynamics, from aviation to trains
The etymology of the term aerodynamics comes from the Greek aerios (meaning air) and dunamikos (force). It is therefore a branch of fluid dynamics concerned with understanding and analyzing the flow of air around a moving body. This applies to living beings such as birds, and to various means of transport such as aircraft, automobiles and trains. Historically, the ability to fly has always fascinated mankind, from the dream of Icarus in mythology to Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). By observing the flight of birds and their physiology, he discovered the existence of pressure differences around a wing (figure 1...
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The various aerodynamic drag phenomena: pressure, laminar boundary layer, turbulence...
Bibliography
Standards and norms
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1302/2014 of November 18, 2014 – TSI (Technical Specification for Interoperability) "Rolling Stock – Locomotives and passenger rolling stock"
Standard EN-14067-6) NF EN 14067-6 May 2010
Railway applications – Aerodynamics – Part 6: Requirements and test procedures for assessing stability against crosswinds
NF EN...
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AREP, the urban planning, architecture and engineering subsidiary of SNCF Gares et connexions, was created...
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