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ABSTRACT
The science of aerodynamics studies air-flows and their effects. Though quite similar to that dealing with aircraft or cars, the aerodynamics of railways displays some specific features. The main issues, especially when high speed is important, are introduced: running resistance, slipstream effect, behavior with crosswinds, pressure waves in tunnels, aerodynamic noise, flying ballast. The various test facilities are presented. Numerical simulation is described, based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Boltzmann method. TSI rules related to each of the above aerodynamic issues are given. Finally, we put into perspective the impact on aerodynamic studies of the development of numerical simulation and the high speed train.
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Louis-Marie CLEON: Ingénieur des Mines, master's degree in physical chemistry, doctorate in fluid mechanics - Former head of the structures and comfort department - Former Technical Director of the Research Department
INTRODUCTION
Aerodynamics deals with the understanding of air flows and their effects. Similar to aviation and automotive aerodynamics, railway aerodynamics nevertheless presents a number of specificities. Issues such as resistance to forward motion, blast effects, susceptibility to crosswinds, tympanic comfort in tunnels, aerodynamic noise, ballast lift, etc. will be analyzed, particularly for high-speed trains. Various test methods will be explored. Numerical simulation will be covered, based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Boltzmann method. The obligations of the Specification for Interoperability (STI) will be recalled for each of these issues. High-speed development and simulation will be put into perspective.
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KEYWORDS
running resistance | crosswinds | aeroacoustics noise | flying ballast
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Railway aerodynamics
Context
Bibliography
Standards and norms
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1302/2014 of November 18, 2014 – TSI (Technical Specification for Interoperability) "Rolling Stock – Locomotives and passenger rolling stock"
Standard EN-14067-6) NF EN 14067-6 May 2010
Railway applications – Aerodynamics – Part 6: Requirements and test procedures for assessing stability against crosswinds
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