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4. Life cycle costs
As in all business sectors, the rail industry is under considerable pressure to reduce costs. Obsolescence management is, among other things, a source of costs that is difficult to apprehend in its entirety, especially over such long periods where multiple factors have unpredictable impacts, whatever the long-term costing model used.
Naturally, a rail operator who implements major proactive actions in the early stages of a project runs the risk of seeing its initial costs rise. But on the other hand, it enables them to better control risks by anticipating the impacts and disruptions associated with obsolescence, and thus reduce operating costs over the long term.
A balance needs to be struck between the resources and costs proactively deployed by manufacturers during development, and the costs and resources deployed to resolve obsolescence...
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Life cycle costs
Conclusion
Bibliography
Bibliography
Les images et les chiffres présentés dans cet article sont des ressources internes à ALSTOM et SNCF Réseau.- (1) - UNIFE - http://www.unife.org , - paragraphe : By the numbers, « the European Rail supply Industry ».
Also...
Standards and norms
JEDEC: Joint Electron Device Engineering Council http://www.jedec.org
- Customer Notification Standard for Product/Process Changes by Electronic Product Suppliers - J-STD-046 - 2016
- Notification Standard for Product Discontinuance - J-STD-048 - 2014
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
Regulations
RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) :
Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 8, 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0065
...Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
UNIFE (Union of European Railway Industries) : http://www.unife.org
ECHA (European CHemicals Agency) : http://www.echa.europa.eu
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