9. New dispersed shapes

The major difficulty in developing topical semi-solids lies in the need to formulate stable systems that have good organoleptic properties (spreadability, feel) and are effective and non-toxic. The efficacy of topically active substances is more dependent on formulation and vehicle (maintenance of activity, targeted release) than on other routes of administration . In addition to protecting and delivering active ingredients effectively, the vehicle also enhances application and sensory properties. With conventional formulations (creams, ointments...), the active substances are in direct contact with the skin after application,...