Article | REF: BIO6302 V1

Medical applications of postbiotics

Author: Jean-Pierre LEPARGNEUR

Publication date: July 10, 2023

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ABSTRACT

The gut microbiota has a significant impact on host health. Nowodays, the oral use of probiotics is widespread. But the safety profile with the use of live bacteria is a matter of debate. Main risks include, particulary in vulnerable patients and in pediatric populations: cases of systematic infections due to translocation, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and interference with the gut colonization in neonates. To avoid these risks there is an increasing interest in non viable microorganisms: postbiotics. This article presents these inanimate bacteria.

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 INTRODUCTION

As far back as antiquity, our ancestors believed that fermented foods were beneficial to health, particularly intestinal health. Since 2021, the considerable importance of commensal bacteria colonizing the human body has been unequivocally recognized, not only for our well-being but also to help resolve numerous pathological events. Until now, probiotics, which are living micro-organisms, were administered in adequate quantities with the aim of conferring a health benefit. But European regulation no. 2017/745 has just excluded probiotics from medical devices as a precautionary measure: these live bacteria are likely to induce infections such as sepsis, or transmit antibiotic resistance genes. To remedy these disadvantages, bacterial suspensions, particularly probiotics, have been heat-treated (in particular by pasteurization or tyndallization) to transform them into "inanimate" bacteria: postbiotics.

This article presents the benefits of postbiotics and their cell-free supernatants, which can also confer beneficial effects in various pathologies.

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Medical applications of postbiotics