4. Emulsion characterization
An emulsion is characterized by measurable quantities. This characterization can be useful in the development phase of a new formula, but is absolutely essential for the post-manufacturing control and quality assurance stage. We have divided this characterization into five themes: visual inspection, emulsion direction, dispersion fineness, long-term stability, rheology and organoleptic properties. These five aspects may be supplemented by efficacy assessments linked to the presence of specific active ingredients.
4.1 Visual inspection
In most formulation laboratories, visual inspection of formulations remains the dominant practice. The aim is to detect a change in the appearance of the formula, which is then described in terms of exudation, release, phase...
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Emulsion characterization
Unusual emulsions
Bibliography
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
MALVERN INSTRUMENTS SA (zetametry, photon correlation granulometry [PCS] and laser diffraction [SLS], image analysis) http://www.malvern.co.uk
CORDOUAN TECHNOLOGIE (photon correlation particle sizing [PCS], zetametry, concentrated systems)
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