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1. Where do drug residues come from?
1.1 Medicines: composition, uses and after-uses
To understand the presence of drug residues (RoM) in the environment, and more specifically in water and aquatic environments, it is essential to identify the nature and sources of these discharges. The source of these residues is, of course, medicines and their uses. The French Public Health Code (article 5111-1) defines a medicine as "any substance or composition presented as having curative or preventive properties with regard to human or animal diseases, as well as any substance or composition which may be used in or administered to humans or animals, with a view to establishing a medical diagnosis or to restoring, correcting or modifying their physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action"...
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Where do drug residues come from?
What about the quality of aquatic environments and water intended for human consumption?
Bibliography
Bibliography
- (1) - Légifrance, code de la santé publique, Cinquième partie : Produits de santé (Articles L5111-1 à L5542-2) - , https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/ article_lc/LEGIARTI000045404922...
Source of figures quoted in the introduction
OECD. Pharmaceutical Residues in Freshwater Hazards and Policy Responses, 136 pages, ISSN: 22245081 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1787/22245081 ; https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/c936f42d-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/c936f42d-en
...Regulations
Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 23, 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1-73).
Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 12, 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration.
Directive 2008/105/EC...
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Water agencies : https://www.lesagencesdeleau.fr/
French Biodiversity Office : https://www.ofb.gouv.fr/les-milieux-aquatiques
Groupe de...
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