Overview
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ABSTRACT
Zirconia, or zirconium oxide (dioxide) has aroused considerable interest ever since the beginning of its identification and preparation. This oxide is a refractory ceramic from a chemical and thermal angle. Its physical properties and in particular those of electrical and electronic conduction are remarkable. An insulating material in the pure state, with a low n-type semi-conduction, this oxide can become a pure ionic conductor when doped. Its application field is vast in particular due to its electrical properties: solid electrolyte, in magnetohydrodynamics (MDH), fuel cell, oxygen probe, etc.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Gérard MOULIN: Professor, Compiègne University of Technology (UTC) - Roberval Laboratory, UMR 6253 CNRS
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Jérôme FAVERGEON: Senior Lecturer, UTC - Roberval Laboratory, UMR 6253 CNRS
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Gérard BÉRANGER: Professor Emeritus, UTC - Roberval Laboratory, UMR 6253 CNRS - Member of the Académie des technologies
INTRODUCTION
Zirconia, or zirconium oxide (dioxide), has aroused keen interest from the very beginning of its identification and preparation. In fact, this oxide presents several allotropic varieties depending on temperature; moreover, pressure or mechanical stress can act on the structure, making it a material of choice for studying crystallographic transformations, especially as one of these is of the martensitic type (i.e. with shearing) accompanied by strong thermal hysteresis. This oxide is a refractory ceramic, both chemically and thermally. Its physical properties, particularly in terms of electrical and electronic conduction, are remarkable. Insulating in its pure state with low n-type semiconduction, this oxide can become a pure ionic conductor if doped. The range of applications for this oxide is vast: solid electrolyte, vein for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), fuel cell, oxygen probe... With this in mind, its preparation methods have given rise to numerous studies, ranging from sol-gel processes to solar furnace melting, via more traditional precipitation or co-precipitation processes. This oxide also owes part of its interest to the fact that it is the corrosion product formed on zirconium alloy cladding in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The mechanical behavior of the zirconia layer formed on these claddings during operation, and therefore the degree of protection afforded by this layer, determines the long-term performance of the fuel bundles as a whole (breakaway or desquamation phenomena).
From this description, it can be seen that zirconia is a typical material whose properties in use are closely linked to structural aspects (crystallography and point defects). These aspects will be discussed and described in the remainder of this article.
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Zirconia
Standardization
- Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus - ASTM G 65 - 2004
Patents
Solid electrolytes
L. Rose, O. Kesler, A. Burgess, Z. Tang, Densified ceramic materials and associated methods, Publication no. WO/2008/095317, International application no. PCT/CA2008/000272.
R. Sartzlander, W.G. Coors, Preparation of sintered yttria-stabilized zirconia reaction products, Publication No. WO/2008/089037, International Application No. PCT/US2008/050748.
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Directory
Manufacturers (non-exhaustive list)
Umicore
Saint-Gobain ZirPro
http://www.zirpro.saint-gobain.com/
Laboratories (non-exhaustive list)
Laboratoire d'études et de recherches sur...
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