Article | REF: BM7410 V1

Paper calendering

Authors: Didier CHAUSSY, David GuÉRIN

Publication date: April 10, 2009

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ABSTRACT

The main aim of the calendering process is to improve the usage and printability of paper, by modifying its surface state and structure. The strip of paper is compressed between rollers for a short period of time. Various types of calenders are available . They vary according to the rollers (which allow for the compression of paper), the number of nips (pinching zone of the sheet) and the positioning. The type of paper determines which calender is to be used (supercalender, soft calender, multinip calender or extended nip calender). Two types of rollers can be chosen for calenders: hard metallic ones which allow for heating and elastic ones made of natural or polymeric fibers.

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AUTHORS

  • Didier CHAUSSY: University Professor Grenoble INP – PAGORA

  • David GuÉRIN: Doctorate in engineering, Centre Technique du Papier (Grenoble)

 INTRODUCTION

The calendering process improves the usability and printability of papers. During this operation, the paper web is compressed between at least two rollers (which may be heated), under high pressure (a few tens of MPa), for a short time (generally less than 1 ms). This mechanical treatment can be carried out in-line, as a unitary operation in the papermaking process, or off-line, as a separate operation alongside the paper machine. Calendering improves the paper's surface finish (smoothness and gloss), and modifies the structure (porosity) and mechanical properties of the substrate to be calendered.

In response to the ever-increasing demands on paper quality and the increasing speed of paper production, the equipment used for calendering has undergone considerable development over the last twenty years. This article reviews existing types of calender and their applications, as well as the characteristics of different calender rolls.

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Paper calendering