Overview
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ABSTRACT
The manufacture of laminated tempered glass (LTG) can present a much higher reject rate than that of traditional laminated glass. However, the growing demand for high-performance structural glass products (bolted glass systems, glass floor slabs, stair steps, supporting beams) has led processors to improve the processes implemented in collaboration with machine tools manufacturers and interlayer suppliers. This article presents the main recommendations in order to produce a high-quality laminated tempered glass with production yields equivalent to traditional laminated glass which is thus economically reliable and profitable.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Gérard SAVINEAU: Doctor of chemistry-physics - Consultant-Expert laminated glass
INTRODUCTION
Demand for tempered laminated architectural glass is constantly growing. It meets a need among architects, their design offices and inspection bodies for higher-performance, lighter and safer structural products for cutting-edge applications. Tempered laminated glass (VFT) improves the mechanical and thermal resistance of traditional laminated glass. This eliminates the risk of collapse and loss of glass protection in the event of physical impact, spontaneous breakage due to nickel sulfide (NiS) inclusions or thermal shock. The manufacturing process is more difficult and demanding than for traditional laminates. They are much more sensitive to processing conditions, to the choice of interlayer (creep) and above all to the quality of the tempered glass (flatness and shaping) used for assembly. The manufacturer must control all these parameters in order to improve production yields and supply a quality product that will perform well and last for many years. Typical structural applications for tempered laminated glass include external glass cladding, railings (engraved or not), staircases, floor slabs, beams, posts, bracing, curtain walls, double-skin façades and roof glazing. This article reviews the requirements and recommendations for the manufacture of tempered laminated glass and its application in the building industry.
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KEYWORDS
state of the art | productivity | yield | structural glass | | tempering | lamination
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Tempered laminated glass: manufacturing processes and specifications
Manufacturing processes for tempered laminated glass
Bibliography
Software tools
GINGER-CEBTP: "Vitrage Décision 5.1 – sept. 2011" software.
Standards and norms
- Glass in construction – Base products: soda-lime silicate glass – Part 2: Float glass - NF EN 572-2 -
- Glass in construction – Thermally toughened soda-lime silicate safety glass – Part 1: definition and description - NF EN 12150-1 -
- Glass in construction – Thermally toughened soda-lime silicate safety glass – Part 2: Conformity assessment - NF EN 12150-2 -
- Hardened glass – Part 1: Definition...
Regulations
CPD-89/106/EEC: European Construction Products Directive (Official Journal L40, Feb. 11, 1994) and interpretative documents (id's – Official Journal C62, Feb. 28, 1994).
Eurocodes CEN/TC250: EN 1990 – Basis of Structural design – and EN 1991 – Actions on structure.
FFPV: design and installation rules for tempered glass installations.
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
1 – Equipment manufacturer (machine tools)
Glaston (Bavelloni, Tamglass & Uniglass) http://www.glaston.fi
Bystronic glass http://www.bystronic.fr
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