Overview
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ABSTRACT
Even though ceramics are known to resist corrosion far better than most other metals, the problem is becoming more and more prevalent. There are two distinct forms of corrosion: corrosion by hot gases, and molten metal, salt or oxide corrosion. Thermodynamic modeling, common to all kinds of reactivity involving solids, is subsequently presented. However, it is shown that thermodynamics is far from being a substitute for practical studies, kinetics, wetting, etc... Nothing can therefore replace a study of each ceramic/environment pairing based on the target applications.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Jacques POIRIER: Professor at the University of Orléans
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Pierre LEFORT: Professor at the University of Limoges
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Stéphane VALETTE: Lecturer at the University of Limoges
INTRODUCTION
Corrosion is the alteration of a material caused by physico-chemical interactions with its environment. This results in a deterioration of its properties of use, leading eventually to its replacement. Corrosion is distinct from wear and tear, which is the result of mechanical stress, and from aging, which is the spontaneous evolution of materials in the absence of external factors, i.e. under the effect of time alone: cross-linking of polymers, crystallization of glass...
Corrosion is considered the main cause of damage to equipment and installations. Its economic cost is considerable. It has been estimated at over 2% of world product, or more than 1,000 billion euros a year. In fact, most of these losses are due to aqueous corrosion of metals and alloys, which has been the subject of a number of Technical Engineering dossiers
Most ceramics are not very sensitive to aqueous corrosion, but, like metals placed at high service temperatures, heated ceramics are subject to chemical degradation caused by their environment, which can be significant, if not rapidly catastrophic. As far as metals are concerned, high-temperature corrosion caused by hot gases (also known as "dry corrosion") has been the subject of two Technical Engineering dossiers
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Bibliography
- (1) - - http://www.thermocalc.com
- (2) - - http://ttwinner.free.fr/
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