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1. Context
Natural products derived from biomass, in particular natural fibers such as cotton, have always been exploited. Depending on their fineness and strength, these fibers are used to produce clothing, fabrics, carpets, ropes and bags. Despite their limitations, constraints and cost, industrialists and consumers alike continue to find them highly attractive, thanks to their ecological and rustic qualities. They represent an important area of research for industrial players in the automotive, construction and paper industries. In addition to their agrosourced origin, these fibers are degradable, compostable and/or recyclable. Despite these advantages, demand for plant-based fibers remains virtually constant. In fact, two other fiber families compete with natural fibers: cellulosic man-made fibers such as rayon, viscose and cellulose acetate, and synthetic fibers (polyester, polyamide, acrylic)...
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Context
Agro-based fibers
Bibliography
- (1) - - Site ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie) http://www.ademe.fr/agrice
- (2) - - Chiffres du Cipalin (Comité Interprofessionnel de la Production Agricole du Lin) (2003)....
Norms and standards (non-exhaustive list)
- Evaluation of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions – Method for analyzing released carbon dioxide – Part 1: General method [Classification number: T51-803-1] (Status: Approved standard) (Corrected version) - NF EN ISO 14855-1 - 07-08
- Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting...
Regulations (non-exhaustive list)
Directive 94/62/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste [See amending acts].
Directory (non-exhaustive list)
Manufacturers – Manufacturers – Distributors
Lenzig http://www.lenzig.com
Seacell GmbH (Zimmer subsidiary) http://www.smartfiber.de/
Statistical and economic data
According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), world fiber production (excluding wood fibers) was estimated at over 57 million tons in 2003/2004, almost half of which was for man-made fibers, as shown in figures 1 and
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