3. Water treatment applications

Currently, industrial water treatment processes consist of successive filtration stages, followed by a final disinfection stage (usually chlorination). However, in the presence of residual organic matter, this final stage can generate chronically toxic substances known as disinfection by-products (DBP), such as trihalomethanes (THMs). Effluent treatment (urban or industrial) often involves aerobic biological processes. However, when effluents have a low biodegradable content (e.g. leachates from old landfills, chemical industry effluents, etc.), biological treatment is either ineffective or insufficient. In such cases, they need to be combined with more energetic chemical oxidation processes.

A great deal of research is being carried out on photocatalysis applications in water purification

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Water treatment applications

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page Characteristics of the most widely used photocatalyst: titanium dioxide

Air treatment applications

Bibliography

(1) - FUJISHIMA (A.), ZHANG (X.), TRYK (D.) - TiO ₂ photocatalysis and related phenomen. - Surf. Sc. Rep., 63, 515-582 (2008).
(2) - ISMAIL (A.), KANDIEL (T.), BAHNEMANN (D.) - Novel (and better?) titania-based...

Websites

KINGSLEY (M.), DAVIDSON (J.) - Gaseous indoor pollutants, http://www.me.umn.edu/courses/me5115/notes/ClassChemicals.pdf
MOSQUERON (L.), NEDELLEC (V.) - Inventaire des données françaises sur la qualité de l'air à l'intérieur des bâtiments, Observatoire de la qualité de l'air intérieur,...

Events

European Photocatalysis Days, JEP2009, Bordeaux,

http://www.photocatalysis-federation.eu/consult-the-archives.html

European Photocatalysis Days, JEP2011, Bordeaux,

http://www.photocatalysis-federation.eu/jep2011/

Standards and norms

AFNOR Test method for evaluating photocatalytic materials with respect to NOx degradation – Single-pass method in tangential mode AFNOR XP B44-011, December 2009

ISO: Test method for air purification- performance of semi-conducting materials- Part 1: removal of nitric oxide ISO/DIS 22197-2, 2007.

UNI: Determination of the catalytic degradation of nitrogen oxides in...

Regulations

Health and safety regulations: www.inrs.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/INRS-FR/$FILE/fset.html

Commission Directive 2009/161/EC of December 17, 2009 establishes a third list of 19 indicative occupational exposure limit values in application of Council Directive 98/24/EC and amending Directive 2000/39/EC. Member States have until December 18, 2011 to transpose this directive...