4. Gels

The term "gel" covers several possible definitions. The gels in question here are, at the time of synthesis, polymeric semi-solids whose nanometer-sized pores are filled with the solvent in which they were created . However, the term "gel" also applies to these same materials, which have been dried in such a way that the initially liquid-saturated pores are now freed and filled with air. It will then be necessary to specify whether we are talking about fresh gels (often referred to as "aquagels" or "alkogels", depending on whether they have been prepared in an aqueous or alcoholic solution, respectively), or...

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Gels

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Derived carbon materials

Bibliography

(1) - SING (K.S.W.), EVERETT (D.H.), HAUL (R.A.W.), MOSCOU (L.), PIEROTTI (R.A.), ROUQUEROL (J.), SIEMIENIEWSKA (T.) - Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendation 1984). - Pure Appl. Chem., 57(4), p. 603-619 (1985).
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Standards and norms

Reaction to fire tests – Heat output, smoke development rate and mass loss rate – Part 1: Heat flow (conical calorimeter method) - ISO/CD 5660-1 - 1993
Standard test method for determining material ignition and flame spread properties - ASTM E1321-97a -
Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds an aldehydes for building products – Small chamber method - JIS A 1901 - 2003

Patents

Composizione per la fabbricazione di un materiale espanso a base di tannini, materiale espanso da essa ottenibile, e relativo procedimento di fabbricazione. Italian patent, filed on 21/07/2011 under no. TO2011A000656

Rigid foams based on procyanidin or prodelphinidin tannins and process for their preparation. French patent, filed on 23/08/2011 under n° 11/025821. Extension filed on 2/08/2012 under PCT/FR2012/051828....