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3. Solid foams
By definition, a foam is a dispersion of gas in a liquid. When the liquid congeals and the gas bubbles cannot escape, the result is a solid foam.
Solid polymeric foams can be prepared in two ways: by physical foaming (requiring a blowing agent) or by chemical foaming (gas released during polymerization reactions, usually starting with water and/or carbon dioxide). Polyurethane foams can thus be prepared by either method, depending on the desired final characteristics
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Solid foams
Gels
Bibliography
- (1) - SING (K.S.W.), EVERETT (D.H.), HAUL (R.A.W.), MOSCOU (L.), PIEROTTI (R.A.), ROUQUEROL (J.), SIEMIENIEWSKA (T.) - Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendation 1984). - Pure Appl. Chem., 57(4), p. 603-619 (1985).
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Standards and norms
- Reaction to fire tests – Heat output, smoke development rate and mass loss rate – Part 1: Heat flow (conical calorimeter method) - ISO/CD 5660-1 - 1993
- Standard test method for determining material ignition and flame spread properties - ASTM E1321-97a -
- Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds an aldehydes for building products – Small chamber method - JIS A 1901 - 2003
Patents
Composizione per la fabbricazione di un materiale espanso a base di tannini, materiale espanso da essa ottenibile, e relativo procedimento di fabbricazione. Italian patent, filed on 21/07/2011 under no. TO2011A000656
Rigid foams based on procyanidin or prodelphinidin tannins and process for their preparation. French patent, filed on 23/08/2011 under n° 11/025821. Extension filed on 2/08/2012 under PCT/FR2012/051828....
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