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Article | REF: N4952 V1

Cements for bone defect filling

Authors: Pascal JANVIER, Élise VERRON

Publication date: April 10, 2014

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ABSTRACT

Calcium phosphate cements are biomaterials whose development requires control of several properties (setting time, injectability, mechanical properties...). These new bone substitutes can release in situ compounds of biological interest to conduct bone formation in healthy bone site but also in pathological situations. In this paper, special attention will be paid to a new approach for a preventive treatment of osteoporosis.

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AUTHORS

  • Pascal JANVIER: Senior Lecturer, UFR des Sciences et Techniques - CEISAM CNRS UMR 6230 Laboratory, University of Nantes, France

  • Élise VERRON: Senior Lecturer, UFR of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences - LIOAD Laboratory INSERM U791, University of Nantes, France

 INTRODUCTION

20 years ago, the use of bone cement in orthopaedic surgery meant referring only to a synthetic acrylic resin resulting from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The mechanical properties of these cements mean that they can be used to fix prostheses or fill vertebral defects. However, their physico-chemical characteristics remain far removed from the biological environment of their implantation site, which is why researchers and practitioners have been developing calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bone substitutes for several decades, whose chemical composition is close to that of bone and which can therefore also undergo the natural bone remodeling cycle.

Initially used as bioceramics, these bone substitutes in the form of self-curing in vivo cement fundamentally broaden therapeutic indications by enabling these bioactive substitutes to adapt perfectly to the bone defects to be filled. This has, however, presented new challenges for these bioactive biomaterials in terms of injectability, setting time and mechanical strength. These cements have already proved their worth in orthopedic and dental surgery, but some of their properties still need to be improved. A new challenge is to use these phosphocalcic cements as carriers of active ingredients to provide a therapeutic response in clinical contexts deemed critical (osteoporosis, infection, inflammation, irradiation...). After reviewing the general context of bone-filling cements, this article focuses on the phosphocalcic cements currently in use, as well as on new generations of these derivatives.

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KEYWORDS

biomaterial   |   phosphocalcic cement   |   bone substitute

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