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7. Conclusion
Historically, natural fibers like cotton have always been exploited by man. Despite their limitations, constraints and price, they continue to enjoy great interest from manufacturers and consumers alike, thanks to their comfort and eco-friendliness.
In the 20th century, cellulosic man-made fibers such as rayon, viscose and cellulose acetate appeared, followed by synthetic fibers. These two chemical fiber families still account for half of all fibers used, and remain fashionable.
For some years now, academic and industrial R has been proposing bioplastics derived in whole or in part from biomass. This R effort is increasingly justified by :
a future oil shortage, accompanied by steadily rising prices for synthetic fibers;
a general desire to respect the planet's...
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Functional materials - Bio-based materials
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Conclusion
Bibliography
- (1) - - Site ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie) http://www.ademe.fr/agrice
- (2) - - Chiffres du Cipalin (Comité Interprofessionnel de la Production Agricole du Lin) (2003)....
Norms and standards (non-exhaustive list)
- Evaluation of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions – Method for analyzing released carbon dioxide – Part 1: General method [Classification number: T51-803-1] (Status: Approved standard) (Corrected version) - NF EN ISO 14855-1 - 07-08
- Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting...
Regulations (non-exhaustive list)
Directive 94/62/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste [See amending acts].
Directory (non-exhaustive list)
Manufacturers – Manufacturers – Distributors
Lenzig http://www.lenzig.com
Seacell GmbH (Zimmer subsidiary) http://www.smartfiber.de/
Statistical and economic data
According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), world fiber production (excluding wood fibers) was estimated at over 57 million tons in 2003/2004, almost half of which was for man-made fibers, as shown in figures 1 and
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