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4. Stress corrosion
Nickel alloys have often been considered immune to stress corrosion and specified as substitutes for stainless steels. However, the emergence of new intermediate alloys between stainless steels and the most alloyed nickel alloys, and their use at increasingly high temperatures, are leading some of these alloys to suffer stress corrosion failure. This phenomenon is always associated with an incubation period, ranging from a few minutes to several years, during which no damage is really visible.
Several types of environment are likely to generate stress cracking in nickel alloys:
hot halogenated media ;
high-temperature water ;
hot caustic environments;
molten metals ;
solutions containing...
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Stress corrosion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Patents/trademarks
Hastelloy, Haynes, B-3, C-22, C-22HS, C-2000, G-35, G-50, Hybrid-BC1: registered trademarks of Haynes International Inc.
Inconel, Incoloy, Monel: registered trademarks of Special Metals Inc.
VDM 2120MoN: registered trademark of VDM-Metals.
Allcorr: trademark registered by ATI Allegheny Ludlum.
Digital media
Multimedia corrosion book, INSA Lyon http://www.cdcorrosion.com
Websites
LinkedIn group Nickel Alloys http://www.linkedin.com/groups/NICKEL-ALLOYS-4542395
ASTM: standards for nickel alloys http://www.astm.org
VdTUV Data Sheet Approval http://vdtuev.de
...Events
Eurocorr Congress organized by the EFC (European Federation of Corrosion) every September in one of its member countries.
Nace Congress organized by Nace International every year in a U.S. city.
Achema show organized by Dechema every three years in Frankfurt (Germany).
Materials Conference organized under the aegis of the French Materials Federation every...
Standards and norms
- Standard Practice for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Resistance of Metals and Alloys in a Boiling Magnesium Chloride Solution - ASTM G-36 - 2013
- Test method for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion resistance of Stainless Steel and Related Alloys by use of ferric chloride solution - ASTM G-48 - 2010
Regulations
Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 15, 2014 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States concerning the making available on the market of pressure equipment (OJEU of June 27, 2014).
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Main nickel alloy manufacturers :
Haynes International Inc. http://www.haynesintl.com
Special Metals Corporation http://www.specialmetals.com
...
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