8. Toxicity and environmental aspects
From an environmental point of view, tin mines differ from most other mines in that they are predominantly alluvial and eluvial operations, often of an artisanal nature (South-East Asia, Brazil...). There are two types of environmental impact: pollution of effluents by solid particles and rehabilitation of the soil after mining. To avoid the former, some legislation sets limits on the permissible concentration of solids (0.6 or 1.2%) by mass; soil rehabilitation, on the other hand, poses major problems, mainly due to the separation of sand and clay by gravel pumps.
In modern dredging operations, these environmental problems no longer arise; however, in the case of off-shore dredging, this can lead to the extinction of the benthos in the excavated area, which is particularly disastrous in mangrove areas.
In primary underground mining, the...
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Toxicity and environmental aspects
Bibliography
References
- (1) - BENIUK (V.G.), VADEIKIS (C.A.), ENRAGHT-MOONY (J.N.) - Centrifugal jigging of gravity concentrate and tailing at Renison Limited - (Jiggage centrifuge de concentré gravimétrique et de rejet à Renison Limited). Minerals Engineering (GB) 7, n 5/6, mai 1994, p. 577-89, 5 tabl., 7 fig., bibl. (3 réf.) Elsevier Science Ltd....
Organizations (non-exhaustive list)
International Tin Research Institute Ltd. (ITRI) http://www.itri.com
Centre d'Information de l'Étain (CIE)
Fédération des Chambres Syndicales des Minerais, Minéraux Industriels et Métaux Non Ferreux http://www.mineraux-et-metaux.org/fr/federation/
...Standardization
European standard EN 610 (Dec. 1995)
"Tin and tin alloys - Tin ingots
European Committee for Standardization
Reviews
Commodities Research Unit Tin Monitor (bimest)
Engineering and Mining Journal (m)
Mémento des Mines et Carrières (ann)
Metals and Minerals Annual Review (ann)
Mining Engineering (m)
Tin International (bimest)
US Geological Survey: Minerals Yearbook (ann) ; Mineral Commodities Summary...
Equipment manufacturers and suppliers (non-exhaustive list)
Dredgers for alluvial mining and floating ore preparation plants: IHC Holland. http:// www.ihcholland.com
Sirosmelt submerged melting furnaces: Ausmelt Ltd. http://www.ausmelt.com.au/
Cyclone...
WEB addresses
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International Tin Research Institute Ltd.
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The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy
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