Article | REF: M7040 V2

Ore and fluxes

Author: Jacques ASTIER

Publication date: March 10, 2011

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ABSTRACT

Extremely numerous, iron ores represent the basic material in steelmaking. However, only a limited number of them are used as a source of iron. Their natural environment (geochemistry, mineralogy, geology) as well as their classification and their technical characteristics are exposed in detail in this article. Other non-energy raw mineral materials can be used in steelmaking, but only if they are not subject to significant transformations. Manganese ores are examined, as well as fluxes and other mineral additives.

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AUTHOR

  • Jacques ASTIER: Former Director of the French Iron and Steel Research Institute (IRSID) - Consulting engineer - This edition is an update of the article by P. Salesse, published in this treatise in 1989 and modified by Jacques Blondeau in 2004.

 INTRODUCTION

There are many iron-bearing ores, but only a limited number of them are used as sources of iron.

The first and most important part of this study is devoted to iron ores, which, in terms of tonnage, constitute the basic raw material for the steel industry. The second part briefly describes the other non-energy mineral raw materials that can be used directly by the iron and steel industry, with the exception of those that undergo significant transformation before being used in the form of ferroalloys, addition or lining metals, refractories, etc.

The ores are first described in their natural environment: how is iron distributed on the earth's surface (geochemistry), what form does it take (mineralogy), how does it accumulate (geology)? We then examine the main technical characteristics of the ores in relation to their use as raw materials in the iron and steel industry.

A second article [M 7 041] deals with the geographical and economic aspects of iron ore production and use. It outlines the main current sources of iron ore in the world and presents the economic data needed to understand international markets.

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Ores and fluxes