1. Direct merger or BSF
The traditional technique based on the combination of agglomerating roasting and melting-reduction in a shaft furnace is being replaced in new foundries by direct melting techniques on a molten bath (Bath Smelting Furnace: BSF), which have given rise to various processes such as :
Isasmelt ;
Ausmelt;
Kivcet ;
QSL (Queneau-Schuhmann-Lurgi);
TBRC (Top Blow Rotary Converter).
These processes produce a raw lead (bullion) that is refined using conventional methods
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Direct merger or BSF
BSF processes
Bibliography
Websites
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Battery Council International
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CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) – Australia
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Statistical and economic data
World lead reserves and primary resources
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), lead reserves were in the region of 78.5 Mt in 2009 (table ), and identified world resources are estimated at over 1.5 billion tonnes.
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