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Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.
Read the articleAUTHORS
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Pierre BLAZY: Honorary Professor - Former Director, École nationale supérieure de géologie (ENSG)
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El-Aid JDID: Doctor of Science - Research engineer at the Environment and Mineralurgy Laboratory (LEM) - ENSG-INPL-CNRS UMR 7569
INTRODUCTION
Gold is one of the few metals that can be mined both in artisanal workcamps and in factories processing thousands of tonnes of ore a day from mining operations. Of course, most of the world's production comes from mines. Gold is a rare metal, as the upper part of the lithosphere contains 0.005 ppm Au.
In its natural state, gold is found in metallic form, either pure or in alloys, generally with silver and tellurium. It is widely dispersed, and gold-bearing ores contain only very small quantities.
Its physical properties (ductility, malleability, high electrical and thermal conductivities), combined with its chemical stability and rarity, are of equal interest to industrial applications, fine crafts and financial assets. Consumption is growing, and so is primary and secondary gold production, by both large-scale producers and numerous smaller-scale companies. Cyanide is used to dissolve gold, but there are also a very limited number of other leachants that are difficult to use industrially.
Deposits come from a wide variety of sources. For some of them, the ore is difficult to leach, which means that extractive metallurgy, simple in principle, is often complex in its industrial application.
This text should be read in conjunction with the files and .
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Gold metallurgy
Economic data
1. Mining production
Table 1 gives production figures for the main producing countries, and table 2 summarizes production by country group. World production is clearly on the rise, despite the drop in production in South Africa. Indeed, South Africa, which in 1970 produced almost 70% of world...
Bibliography
References
International metallurgical and mining companies
Non-exhaustive list
AngloGold http://www.anglogold.com
Ashanti http://www.ashantigold.com
Avgold Ltd.
Gold companies in France
Non-exhaustive list
Engelhard – CLAL
Valme Industrie
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